Introduction
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterised by extreme mood swings, lasting more than several days, that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These shifts can significantly impact a person’s energy, activity levels, behaviour, and ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. Recognising the symptoms and accessing professional support early on is crucial for managing bipolar disorder effectively. In this post, we’ll explore what bipolar disorder is, how psychiatry and therapy can help, the treatment options available, and the benefits and limitations of telehealth in managing this condition.
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is classified into different types depending on the severity and nature of the mood episodes:
- Bipolar I Disorder: Characterised by at least one manic episode that lasts at least seven days or by manic symptoms so severe that immediate hospital care is needed. Depressive episodes also occur, typically lasting at least two weeks.
- Bipolar II Disorder: Defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes (a less severe form of mania) but without the full-blown manic episodes that are typical of Bipolar I.
- Cyclothymic Disorder: Periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least two years (or one year in children and adolescents), but the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode or a depressive episode.
These fluctuations in mood can significantly impact relationships, work, and overall well-being if left untreated. For many, managing bipolar disorder requires ongoing, comprehensive care that includes both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions.
How Psychiatrists and Therapists Can Assist
Both psychiatrists and therapists play essential roles in managing bipolar disorder:
- Psychiatrists: As medical doctors who specialise in mental health, psychiatrists are integral in diagnosing bipolar disorder and managing medication. They assess the severity and type of bipolar disorder and create individualised treatment plans. Psychiatrists prescribe mood stabilisers, antipsychotic medications, or antidepressants based on the needs of the patient and monitor these medications to ensure their efficacy and safety.
- Therapists (Psychologists or Licensed Counsellors): In addition to medication, therapy is a cornerstone of bipolar disorder treatment. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is one of the most effective psychotherapeutic treatments for bipolar disorder. It helps patients recognise and change negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to mood swings. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy is also beneficial in stabilising daily routines, which can help prevent mood episodes.
The combination of psychiatric medication management and psychotherapy is often the most effective approach for controlling symptoms and improving long-term outcomes.
Treatment Options for Bipolar Disorder
Managing bipolar disorder often requires a multimodal approach:
- Medication: Mood stabilisers such as antipsychotics, lithium and anticonvulsants are commonly prescribed, while antidepressants are cautiously prescribed due to their potential to trigger mania in bipolar patients.
- Psychotherapy: Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) helps individuals develop coping mechanisms for managing mood swings. Family-focused therapy can also be helpful by involving loved ones in the treatment process, ensuring they understand the condition and how to support the individual.
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Regular sleep patterns, a stable routine, and avoiding alcohol or drug use are essential in preventing mood episodes. Psychoeducation helps individuals and families understand the nature of bipolar disorder and the importance of sticking to treatment plans.
Why Telehealth for Bipolar Disorder?
Telehealth has revolutionised access to mental health care, making it easier for patients to engage with psychiatrists and therapists, particularly for those managing chronic conditions like bipolar disorder. Here are some key benefits of telehealth:
- Convenience: Patients can receive care from the comfort of their home, which is particularly useful for individuals who live in remote areas or have limited access to in-person psychiatric services.
- Consistency: Regular check-ins with psychiatrists for medication adjustments and ongoing therapy sessions can be more easily maintained, as telehealth reduces the need for travel and minimises disruptions to the patient’s schedule.
- Accessibility: Telehealth makes it easier for people to connect with specialists who may not be locally available, giving patients access to expert care regardless of their geographic location.
Why Someone May Not Choose Telehealth
Despite the advantages, telehealth is not the right choice for everyone. Some reasons patients may opt for in-person care include:
- Preference for Face-to-Face Interaction: Some patients feel more comfortable with the traditional in-person approach, where the physical presence of their psychiatrist or therapist provides a greater sense of connection.
- Technology Barriers: For those unfamiliar with using technology, setting up and managing telehealth appointments may pose challenges.
- Severe Symptoms: In cases of severe mania or depression where the patient may not be safe at home, in-person treatment might be necessary, especially if hospitalisation or intensive supervision is required.
This guide can also assist in deciding whether telehealth is right for you.
Conclusion
Bipolar disorder is a complex condition that requires careful management and professional support from both psychiatrists and therapists. Whether through medication management, psychotherapy, or a combination of treatments, seeking help is essential to living a balanced and fulfilling life.
Telehealth offers a practical, effective way to receive this care, with the convenience of remote access and the expertise of qualified mental health professionals. However, it’s essential to weigh the pros and cons and decide whether telehealth or in-person care best suits your individual needs. At Pandion Health, we offer expert telehealth services tailored to help those with bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions. Reach out today to learn more about how we can support your mental health journey.